Blizzard

The blizzard of 1999 struck a majority of the Midwest along with parts of Canada. The biggest areas affected were Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ontario, Quebec, Wisconsin, and Ohio. There was as much as 2 feet of snow in many areas. The blizzard began on January 2, 1999 through January 4, 1999. Chicago was one of the biggest cities impacted by the storm measuring up to 22 inches of snow and rated the 2nd worst blizzard in Chicago by the National Weather Channel. Record temperatures hit a low of below 20 degrees Fahrenheit and up to 50 degrees in some places. This all resulted in airports and train stations being shut down for hours to days.Northwest airlines were down for numerous hours with people stuck on many flights. Many people had things to say about blizzard conditions. People said they started seeing signs of the blizzard on New Year’s Eve of 1998. Weather temperatures were decreasing and snow was beginning to fall. One witness described the condition like driving throu gh a fog of white snow without being able to see an inch in front of him. A man described being stuck on the flight by northwest airlines as being covered in blankets and other peoples clothing just to keep warm and developed frost bite on his nose and toes.A lady described the condition as the worst she’d seen in her 83 years of life living in Chicago. A mother remembers trying to get her child to a local hospital and developing frost bite and flu like symptoms from the amount of snow accumulation on the ground. Many ask how a blizzard like this form does. The blizzard begins when snow is falling and wind is at least 35mph and it reduces visibility up to ? a mile or less. The wind speed and snow fall are the biggest factor in determining blizzard like conditions. A blizzard like this generally forms when cold polar air comes down and mixes with warm and moist air from lower altitudes.It feeds on the dropping temperatures to occur. The overall impact of a blizzard can cost th e lives of others and millions of dollars. The blizzard of 1999 resulted in 73 deaths. The cost of the blizzard was estimated between 300-400 million dollars. Chicago area was the biggest of the relief fund and over 45 counties qualified for federal aid relief. Northwest airlines paid out 7 million dollars to passengers on the flight to compensate for their hours on the flight from the storm. Overall many people, buildings, and companies were impacted in the blizzard of 1999.

Community College Essay

After graduating high school a lot of people do not know what their next step in life will be. Some struggle between deciding to go straight into the workforce, joining the military, or continuing their education by going to college. The average person chooses college as their next step. A common issue about going to college is whether to go to a two-year college/community college or straight into a four-year university. I think community college is the smarter and better choice. People fail to realize that going to community college helps you save thousands of dollars. Not only that, but students with undecided majors better find their way while saving money at community colleges. They are very flexible and can provide students with a better transition from high school while benefiting from their smaller class sizes and campuses. As we all know, community college is cheaper to attend than a four-year university. Four-year universities cost thousands of dollars while attending a community college would cost less than half of that. For instance, the average cost of attendance at Northern Virginia Community College (NOVA) is roughly 5,000 dollars per year for a freshman, compared to the cost of attendance at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) which is about 25,000 dollars a year for freshmen. The cost of attending VCU is fives times as much as attending NOVA where in retrospect the same material is being covered. To break it down, tuition and fees at VCU amount to about 12,000 dollars. One credit costs about 300 dollars while at NOVA a credit costs 150 dollars. Room and board would be 9,000 dollars at VCU, while going to NOVA in most cases you would not have to pay to live at home if you are a freshman. Books would still be around the same price because books in college are expensive regardless. Other expenses would vary depending on what a student would need. Looking back on it the cost of going to a community college saves you a tremendous amount of money and would be worth it in the long run. Growing up people would talk about community college as if it were basically the thirteenth grade. In a sense would not that benefit a student more? Classes at four-year universities can sometimes be overwhelming, having hundreds of students in one lecture class. With classes getting hard from the transition of high school to college, would not a student want smaller class sizes? It only seems reasonable. By having smaller class sizes a student would naturally be able to learn better than in a class full of 300 people. Lecture classes can be long, tiring, and filled with millions of questions. In bigger classes some communication issues might occur and information might not always get to a student depending on their seating. Also the professors might not always get to a question that a student may have which can get very frustrating. Having smaller class sizes, everything is right there in front of a student. The professor is there for easier access to questions, class discussions would be more beneficial and easier to get involved with, and a person would get to know their classmates more. Smaller class sizes would help students gain a better learning experience. Many people go into college undecided on what they want their major to be. Studies prove that 50% of students who declared their majors change them after their first year according to Dr. Firtz Grupe of mymajors. com. Some students even change their majors up to three times throughout college. Going to community college can help a student find out their major while saving money. When a student changes majors there are always some complications. Some classes that were needed for their previous major have nothing to do with the current major that they just switched to. The money that was paid for those credits is, for the most part, wasted. That can be very taxing on a student’s financial income. If these problems occurred to a student who was attending a four-year college they would have wasted thousands of dollars compared to if a student changed majors at a community college. Even though money is lost in both cases, the amount of money lost at a community college is far more manageable than losing thousands of dollars at a four-year college. Think about it this way, would you rather lose 100 dollars or 10,000? Community college is a great way for students with undecided majors to discover what they want to do while not losing as much money and time. Classes at community colleges are very flexible and can help students manage their classes around other things. People who attend community colleges sometimes seek jobs while in school. One thing that could be very frustrating for a student would be having class at a time that conflicts with a work schedule. That could be a problem if a student at a four-year university had a job because not as much night classes are offered at four-year colleges. Community colleges have better options in that case. A student working a regular 9-5 schedule would find problems trying to go to school after work. At community college classes could easily be taken after work with more night classes being offered at a community college. Students can go to work then school or vice versa, go to school in the morning then work some time after without any hardships. Having flexible classes are always a benefit because they provide more options and having options are always a good thing. Community colleges provide an easier transition from the laid back high school environment to the stressful college life. As Liz Addison says, it helps students begin. High school classes are easier compared to classes in college. Grading wise and tests, quizzes, etc. Community college can help ease a student into the college atmosphere. That classes are not that much easier than that of a community college but not as hard either. It is a step up from high school in terms of difficulty and helps to better transition students into the university world. Less stress is involved and things are more manageable. Some people argue many things about community colleges. The main thing often associated with community college is commuting . People say that commuting to community college cost so much money in regards to gas. Community colleges are in your community and most of the times have ways to get you to and from school. They are called community colleges for a reason. All the money that a student would save from not going to a four-year college would cover the cost of gas easily. Also most community colleges have operating bus systems and car pooling is always an option. Another thing people try to argue about going to a community college is that a person will not gain a true college experience. Some people go through life and do not experience many things like never being on a plane, not having a dog, or even never going to a football game. That experience is not something that a student would need to have to become successful in life. The rewards of getting to where you want to be in life are far greater than not getting a full college experience. In the long run you will make up for the experiences you have missed by gaining better ones. Going to a two-year college first before transferring to a four-year university pays off in the long run. People either do not know the benefits or are two proud to attend a community college. Money is saved, the learning experience is better, the transition from high school is easier and community colleges help undeclared majors find their majors. Seems like the smart way to go.

Structure of the continuous improvement Essay

Matrix organization structure is a hybrid divisional and functional structure. As this company is starting to grow, using this structure will help it develop and manage well. The matrix structure allows for the benefits of functional and divisional structures to exist in one organization. The matrix organizational structure divides authority both by functional area and by project. In a matrix structure, each employee answers to two immediate supervisors: a functional supervisor and a project supervisor which is very needed in this company. Communication is very important for new structure, as clear guidance and information are need between management and employees. The matrix structure has several advantages such as resource coordination, which allows supervisors to focus on their areas of expertise. Functional supervisors focus on hiring, training and managing employees in their field, while project supervisors can focus on achieving the goals of their specific projects or products. Employees will be more specialization as they are placed in functional areas allows them to specialize in a particular field. Instead of being good at variety of tasks, specialized employees can excel at tasks in their field of focus. Matrix structure also allows employee is to develop wider set of skills by working in team with other department member in a project team. Employees have constant contact with members of different functional areas, the matrix structure allows for information and resources to travel more fluidly between those functional areas. The collaboration between functional areas allows projects team to better handle complex challenges and objectives which one the weakness of old structure make them delay delivery causing them to lose major clients. Also this allows for human resources to be shared flexibly across different projects or products. Functional areas maintain a stock of talented employees to meet projects requirements. his organizational structure can help improve the company structure and weakness so that the mistakes made in the past cannot repeat again by employee and continue to improve business and expanded across Australia. As in the detail says that lot of mistakes happen such as missing major accountant with engineering spare parts supplier due to the lack of support that the current IT system could offer in tracking deliveries, also employee are nervous as the impact that losing the major client have on business, which shows lack confidents and professionalism. There have been many formal complaints made to management on the lack of information that is being discussed with them and that they do not feel valued anymore. There is a site manager in each state and they hold a phone conference meeting each month, but the meetings with site department manager and their teams do not occur regularly. First IT system need to improved and handle by experts as it’s very important to keep records and track of business clients. It will also help to see weak areas and improve them. Also help them save the delivery time. The human resource need to provide training to the employees so they can know the work well and feel confident on what they are doing. They need to know how to handle clients and work like professional. This will help them to provide good service to the clients and make company image good in the eyes of clients. The communication is very important in the organization so because of the lack of communication between the information flow between the employees and management has been effective which cause work problems and misunderstandings. So the communication between the employee and management need to be improved. Another problem is meeting, the meeting needs to take place once a week, and meeting is good way to discussed ideas and share problem. It is also good way to improve the relationship. The management should encourage employees to voice their opinion and support them to be more creative. The organization should handle complaint from client sincerely because this can help to organization to improve their service and this also improves the relationship between company and clients. Effective mentoring and coaching process The basic communication skill of a mentor or coach is not only a certain level of verbal communication skill but as well as the non-verbal  communication skill. The difference between coaching and mentoring are that, the purpose of coaching is to improve the individual’s performance on the job, which involves either enhancing current skills or acquiring new skills on areas in which the employee is in need of coaching but only for a short period of time, maybe even just a few sessions. The coaching lasts for as long as is needed, depending on the purpose of the coaching relationship, and once the coachee successfully acquires the skills, the coach is no longer needed. However, the purpose is to develop the individual not only for the current job, but as well as for the future job. It seeks to provide a safe environment where the mentoree shares whatever issues affect his or her professional and personal success, though specific learning goals or competencies may be used as a basis for creating the relationship, it’s focus goes beyond these areas to include things, such as work and life balance, self-confidence, self-perception, and how the personal influences the professional. However, this distinction differentiates the role of the immediate manager and that of the mentor, and reduces the possibility of creating conflict between the employee’s manager and the mentor. The coach or mentor is a facilitator, not an instructor. They support and challenge the employees to lean and to develop. The employees learn by acquiring new awareness, insight, skills, idea and knowledge. Development involves integrating their learning into the way they are. It is more important that a facilitator asks good questions than that they have ‘right’ answers. Good questions provoke new perspectives and change in the employees. The effective coach or mentor reviews the learning relationship and the learning process, and does not take those for granted, and finds learning methods that suit the employee. They need to help the employees to clarify how they learn best, and how to make coaching or mentoring work for them. Moreover, effective coach or mentor needs to understand the importance of what happens to the employees between each time they coach or mentoring them. Company strategy In the following case study, it has stated that there is a problem with the  outdated system that they have been implementing throughout the last few months. Systems that relates to management of the company and its groups has been not updated for a long time hence the result in formal policies and procedures not working as planned and not being that effective. As a result, there is a huge decrease in the performance from the employees such as late delivery and delay on products that should have been mailed to the customers. In order to ensure that all systems and processes that are used to monitor operational progress and customer service and see what ways we can use to identify the ways in which planning and operation can be improved, we as a Continuous Improvement Manager who has been hired by the Fast Forwarding company should create a company strategy that can improve the bad situation that has been occurring in the company. First of all, we can suggest that the company can use the KPI indicator system which can be very helpful to identify each and every person in the office and how they are performing. Recording each and every action and converting the performance of how well they are doing, the company can understand what the weakness of the employees and the workers are as well be able to identify the needs and requirements that they have to complete to reach the indicated priority that they want to be in. The indicators also tell the company how well they are doing and also measure the overall performance of the business itself. By applying Key Performance Indicator as a company strategy, they will be able to update every members of the company about the objective and therefore find and solve the weakness that has been affecting the performance of the company. Second of all, the use of SWOT analysis can help indicate and scan the company’s strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. If the company uses the analysis to effectively figure out the weakness and threats of the company itself, they might be able to see what problem is occurring and how much effect it has on the business performance and sales. After they find out what the weaknesses are and what threats might be there that has been creating a barrier from any improvements in their business. They can  implement different alternatives and solution to minimize the problems or completely wipe it out. Apart from the above use of the systems and analysis, there must be a custom of creating a daily check and updates on the system so that it doesn’t get outdated and create a big problem later on for the future. Since it affected formal policies and procedures as well as the whole system that the company is using for the business, the employees are unable to keep up with current system and therefore they lack enough information to be able to hold their performance in a stable way. Other alternatives to be able to improve the company’s problem, the organization can use the Management information system which provides information that the organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively. Since the IT system of the company Fast Forwarding has been outdated for a long time and haven’t been reviewed by any of the company’s men, we suggest that they apply the MIS to be able to update any information that they have crucial need in. It provides a fixed schedules and reports regularly which can provide vital updates to the company when they need it. The MIS also contain systems such as Decision Support System (DSS), Executive Information System (EIS), Office Automation System (OAS), School Information Management Systems (SIMS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). 1. Decision Support System (DSS): It’s a system that helps in the decision making for the middle and higher management to complete information from a wide range of sources to support in problem solving and decision making. It mostly helps in structured and unstructured problems. 2. Executive Information System (EIS): This is a system that concludes all the information that has been provided by all the departments and organizations so that they are able to summarize them with ease and convenience through proper order. 3. Office Automation System (OAS): The system supports the communication and  productivity in the enterprise by automatically sending all the information and work flows for each of the employees easily. This helps in an efficient way to spread all the working information to everyone in the workplace at the same time and as fast as possible. 4. School Information Management Systems (SIMS): This system covers the administration on teaching and learning materials that can help in assisting the employees with the training and experience providing necessary materials for them to utilize during the session for training and mentoring. 5. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): The system facilitates the flow of information inside the organizations throughout each departments as well as mange the flow and connections of stakeholders that are outside the boundaries of organization. To conclude, the system that they used had many flaws because they haven’t updated or review for a long time. Therefore, as given solution regarding company strategy up above, if they implement it with care, the company can overcome the problems that they have having and finally be able to improve the performance and the status of the business. How to informing Stakeholders are those person, group or organizations that are interested in the project that the company has been working on and therefore have trusted them enough to invest on the company. So in order to inform all the stakeholders about the new company strategy, we can use different communication strategy to be able to give them all the details and information concerning the new changes. Firstly, we can create a schedule for all the stakeholders so that they can be gathered up for the meeting. We can provide all the stakeholders with the notice through person, all the stakeholders can gather up in a precise location and discuss the new changes and be able to confirm that everybody gets it. Another way is to use technological factors to inform all the stakeholders. Different alternatives such as mailing the information to the stakeholders can also be used as one of the communication strategy to immediately inform every stakeholder as well as give them a softcopy of everything that needs to be included as changes of the new company strategy. As a conclusion there can be different ways to use communication strategy to forward different details and information to the stakeholders so that they can be updated every now and often. Future planning One of the biggest challenges faced by any kinds of companies and organizations are how to plan for the future, what to invest in, where to place your bet? It is really hard to perfectly predict the coming future and prepare for those upcoming situations, but we do have the creative thinking skills and behaviors to build an imaginative look at the future and to help the company to create powerful future scenarios and plan appropriate implications create powerful future scenarios and plan appropriate implications. I believe, the only way to lead a company to succeed is to be able to build new, advantaged knowledge that others do not know but we discover through powerful designs. Also, it is important to discover the unknown future opportunities that we do not know. In order to higher the chance to be successful, we have to do more than long term strategy, which an advanced model for foresight requires treating it as much more than the prediction of futurists or a technology development exercise. It should involve both analytical and imaginative thinking, which reaches beyond typical corporate approaches to strategic planning. However, it typically does not have a single answer, so we must consider multiple scenarios and make some collective bets in order to avoid worse-case scenario.

Business Plan (Financial Part) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Plan (Financial Part) - Essay Example These are powerful tools since these would contain a summary of the services that the office would render. With this plan, the owner budgeted for the design and production of the materials on a quarterly basis. An agency will be outsourced to fulfill this requirement. CFL would also be utilizing Search Engine Optimization, thus the budget to be allocated for the creation and hosting of its website. The creation of a web site would only be one-time and any change to the website would essentially be just minor ones and would not entail too much costs. Print ads would also be produced to support the above-mentioned marketing plans and also to reach the market who are heavy users of this medium. A monthly print advertisement shall be implemented in two major dailies in Cyprus. The budgetary requirements have been spread all throughout the first year of operations to be able to determine the needed cash flow. Targets on the number of needed accounts to cover for all operational costs have also been determined. These targets must be adhered to by the account managers to ensure smooth operations of the company. The 50,000 pounds start-up capital shall not be used up 100% for the first month, but instead, only 25% of which shall be spent on the perceived operational requirements./The rest shall be treated as savings and would only be used as needed. The cash flow has been planned to ensure that the projected income shall cover for the projected costs. The targeted number of projects and clients has been identified for the rest of the operational year. This is to ensure that all operational costs shall be covered for and that there would be as little deficit as can be should the plans do not materialize. The budget requirements are definitely lower than the projected income. The company plans to adhere to this budget plan to ensure that the office, at the very least, breaks even. However, as such a business is bound to

Argumentative Thesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentative Thesis - Essay Example In my thesis, I shall analyze the definitive reasons as to why in ACL surgeries, surgeons should opt for an autograft from the patient’s own body tissues over an allograft where the tissue is obtained from a cadaver. Anterior crucial ligament reconstruction surgery is among the most common orthopedic surgeries that are performed. Like all other surgeries, it does have its own drawbacks. In The X Factor: Why Female Athletes Have a Higher Rate of ACL Injury Than Their Male Counterparts, Washington (2012) says that â€Å"six to 18 months of rehab, a missed competitive season and all the pain and suffering that go along with that† which are some of the things that the patient needs to cope up with post-surgery. Tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament is a fairly common case especially among sports people. The surge in injuries called for good surgical options to rescue people from the trauma and help them lead a normal life later on. ACL surgery and its efficacy have led to an increase in the numbers of patients’ opting for it. Orthopedic surgeons have a choice between using an allograft or an autograft for the reconstruction surgery. Presently, most surgeons opt for an autograft, ta king tissue from the patient’s own patellar tendon over an allograft taken from a cadaver donor. However, since an autograft have had some drawbacks too in spite of its success, some surgeons also opt for an allograft. For example, using an allograft prevents graft site morbidity in the patient but allografts too have their own drawbacks. Now, I shall discuss why an autograft is a better choice than an allograft. One of primary reasons of opting for an autograft over an allograft is the fear of probable disease transmission. According to The Mail on Sunday (2011) â€Å"The only potential complication is being infected by a virus from donor tissue† (p.25) the chances of which

Magine an encounter between Socrates and yourself Essay

Magine an encounter between Socrates and yourself - Essay Example This is especially with the strong warning that he issues towards jurors who are prone and subjected to judging people and the corruption it has on their lives and souls. Their wrongdoings; that Socrates observes, are that they are prone to unjustly sentencing people since they are in a position to do so both wrongfully and knowingly. Considering that Socrates judges’ ethics based on the grounds of practicality or pragmatism, my life falls more on the practical, where I would stand my ground against any judgments he would pass on me based on his basis of ethics. My replies on the question of ethical standing would fall under doing all rights under social pragmatics, where knowing right and wrong is not the problem, but rather practicing the right is significant to my actions. In relation to values, my standing would be that of believing in a whole body, mind and soul, where having a state of total equilibrium within the three forms would be a state of perfection in itself. As such, following the ways of the world or other people in the world without conviction would not arise. This is because I believe in authority, where those influencing my actions, behavior and state of mind should be qualified and ethically promising. Socrates argument in his works would never be applied to judge my state of values and ethics, especially on grounds of having a corrupt and broken body and soul while living my life claiming it to be worth (Brickhouse and Smith 339). Socrates raising the issue of social justice and injustices would find me ready on my defenses with a strong argument, not critiquing his works, but rather in their support. This is because both Socrates and I are of the opinion and belief that life is not worth living with rampant injustices and mutilations against the law, where the components are to be respected than mutilations of justice. In this case, I stand by his beliefs in that life is worth living provided it is lived to its fullness with justice and components of life facing fulfillment and receiving respect. This is to ensure that not a single life is lost or degraded thanks to injustices passed on by others and judgments delivered by us towards others. In addition, Socrates brings up the issue of life after death, where he was a strong believer in the concept of life after death. Replies to this issue would fall under two categories of religiosity and philosophy, where philosophy would put Socrates works into action and religion would reply with eternal life. My belief in eternal life is that religion, or rather most religions, where religion falls, supports eternal life. On the other hand, Socrates belief in eternal life falls under philosophy, in which one’s wrongdoings must never go unpunished both in life and death. As a result, all sins are to be punished in the afterlife should they not be paid for; in the current lifetime. My beliefs support the concept of an afterlife, which is in line with his ideologies and my religious views, as well. In such a case, for striving to ensure that wrongdoings are not committed by me in this lifetime, and those that are committed are atoned for, Socrates would be likely to not find me at fault. Instead, I believe congratulations would be in order towards me from Socrates for working hard towards creating a model life for myself and others around me. In

Personal reflection paper on servant leadership Research

Personal reflection on servant leadership - Research Paper Example On the contrary servant leadership style is the answer to all our leadership dilemmas, it teaches us to give priorities to our followers and not have the arrogance and pride of modern day leaders. It is about understanding human beings and keeping relation prior to money, power or fame. It connects our worldly desires with the eternal life and through the best example of Jesus Christ; it teaches us compassion, sacrifice and devotion to a noble cause. The balancing act between religious teachings and conducting our business is best described by this approach ensuring us success in both worlds, helping others that gives us incomparable peace and harmony eventually a feeling of self actualization. A literary analysis of servant leadership taught me a lot about this leadership style, it was an enriching experience learning about something that has real meaning of life. The Servant leadership phenomena basically reflected the idea of alleviating other’s lives and helping them in their development and achieve progress in their lives. While reading Spiritual Leadership by Darrell SC Peregrym I understood that basis of every religion mainly Christianity is humble nature of the leaders and prophets, intended to bring peace and salvation to those who are in suffering. Another lesson learnt through this concept was demarcation between state and church which acts as the basis of political system in western world now. Earlier teachings of Christianity equated money and worldly pleasures with evil however segregation between Church and governing bodies of civil society helped in establishing role of Church and its representatives as a servant leader (Peregrym, 2011e). Hence, it i s Church’s responsibility to provide guidance to people without seeking anything in return. Furthermore, servant leadership cannot rest only with today’s managers and senior

Public administration Theories Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public administration Theories - Term Paper Example Principally, theories attempt to explicitly explain and discuss various aspects of the psychological, social, and physical worlds, accurately and successfully predicting the underlying elements (Basu, 2004). This paper discusses the major theories of public administration as envisaged by various scholars, explicitly describing their implications in various settings within organizations or state bodies. Scientific Management Theory According to Farmer (2010), Fredrick Winslow Taylor conducted scientific studies and applied them to management problems. Although he was an engineer by profession, he managed to solve management problems successfully through his scientific studies (Raj, 2005). This is because he believed that management was a science that had specific governing laws and principles, an approach that several management scholars adopted in their studies to improve on his work. Through his scientific approach, Taylor emphasized the essence of partnership between the management and the staff in fulfilling an organization’s objectives through scientific management techniques. Taylor strongly believed that the prosperity of any social organization rested on the success of application and implementation of certain scientific changes whereby scientific training was the major motivating factor towards abandoning the old ways of doing things (Farmer, 2010). With respect to the performance of various workers at different levels, Taylor proposed the use of motion study that involved the evaluation of the workers’ performance against the time they took to accomplish their duties. Some of Taylor’s scientific management principles included solving management challenges through scientific approaches, cordial relationship between workers and management based on scientific methods, and scientific training of workers in order to attain efficiency (Basu, 2004).   Although Taylor made tremendous achievements together with his associates such as Henr y Gantt, Lillian Gilbreth, and Frank Gilbreth, they faced a number of criticisms from various quarters. One major criticism was the fact that the scientific approach to management perceived man as a machine, an issue that some preceding scholars found rather awkward to address. The psychological thinkers such as March and Simon insisted that Taylor ignored the human factor in the scientific management theory, a major aspect in psychological studies. In addition, the opponents of Taylorism theory, such as workers and managers, cited some elements of inflexibility in the approach (Denhardt, 2011).   Classical Theory According to Basu (2004), March and Simon in the mid-20th century professed this theory, terming it as the mechanical theory, the administrative management theory, or simply the structural theory. Later, Henri Fayol together with other scholars suggested through the structural theory that administrative work remained administrative work, the work performed and the circum stances surrounding the performance of the work notwithstanding. They categorically argued that administrative knowledge surpassed other forms of knowledge such as technical knowledge, and various management personnel could apply this kind of knowledge to a wide spectrum such as religion, government institutions, and organizations (Denhardt, 2011).  Fayol, in furtherance of his studies, classified administrative duties into five major categories that included planning, control, coordination,

Is there something problematic in the idea of European citizenship Essay

Is there something problematic in the idea of European citizenship - Essay Example I consider this question to be worth-discussing, thus the given work will try to find the answer for it by means of the corresponding research. First of all, the definition or meaning of the term â€Å"citizenship† will be provided. In order to find the correct answer to this question, the attention with be paid to such significant factors as democracy, rights, identity, constitutional patriotism, symbols etc. It will be given a short description of each of these points in order to form the attitude to the problem under consideration. As a result the most problematic issue in the idea of European leadership will be defined and the solution to the problem will be offered. The overview of the recent controversy will be presented in order to prove that even in the modern conditions, it is still possible to determine what it means to be a European citizen. The notion of citizenship The notion of citizenship is closely connected with the notion of state, because, if there is no sta te, it is impossible to talk about the citizenship. Democracy also can’t exist without citizenship. It looks like a closed circle. In this context it is possible to talk about sovereignty as well. ... It could be easily explained in the following way: it is the citizens, who form the body of government. The democracy can operate only due to the equality and participation of citizens. Liebert states: â€Å"people do effectively engage in the making of a European polity. By initiating national court proceedings active citizens are promoting fundamental European rights in Member States' practices. As party members they contribute to shaping mass media communication about, and national publics' understanding of, European political alternatives. As civil society activists citizens help build social networks for contesting certain EU reforms or advocating others. Last but not least, as voters in national and European elections they choose between competing party visions, and national parliamentary stances regarding the role of democratic citizenship. This original contribution to the debate about democratic citizenship vis-a-vis the challenges of economic globalization and European pol itical integration presents critical explorations of different fields of direct, representative, participatory and deliberative democratic citizenship practices that affect the transformation of Europe† (Liebert 2013:2). One can notice that nowadays these principals are not working in a full capacity; some of them are just omitted. As Bellamy states â€Å"Citizenship as it developed within the member states combined the values of belonging, rights and participation. EU citizenship has attempted to develop the first from an attachment to the second, and to employ new and more selective forms of the third. However, neither rights nor participation prove sustainable without a fairly strong sense of belonging, such as has already developed within the

Expression of Mentality through Materiality of Object (not decided Research Paper

Expression of Mentality through Materiality of Object (not decided yet) - Research Paper Example y to deny the mental aspects of men but try to consider and study their mental activities as a compound of physico-chemical causality and to express them in a more concrete and visual method. Therefore, the following discussion implements the research findings through the argued out philosophies, secondary, and primary data sources, and sole resolutions on establishing the relationship following various interviews with affected respondents (Przytycki, and UrbanÃŒ ski, 2010:46). Mainly, the discussion shall focus on the mental effects that deciphered through physical actions and emotional distress in human beings, by answering the following questions. The main resolution while tackling the issue of philosophy and the ideal relationship with human nature as forecasted in physiological characteristics. David majors his concerns on the coherent factors borne of the human behaviours that correlate with the mentality as forecasted in the individual deeds. Further, the philosopher argues out on the general nature of mentality that harbours man from cohabiting and exhibiting his feelings to the environment. Entirely, David acknowledges that the conflicting interest between mental and material variables is continuous thus; it is impossible to ascertain on any completion of the same or a probability that the variables shall halt, a phenomenon referred to as the wholeness and the implicate order (Harris, 2012:46). As a physicist, David Bohm, is among the most creative thinkers of the early 20th century and he is accredited of the Hologram theoretical approach in arguing out different ideologies surrounding human lives. The two psychologists experimented the extreme external factors such as an electroshock device and a prison to change a ‘normal’ persons character, and the reason presented me a more concrete and visible method of expression (Tyson, et al 2009:67). The efficient arrangements of various external factors, mostly emotional, influenced my experimentations with

Reflective Journal Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Reflective Journal - Personal Statement Example This is reflective journal that I maintained throughout the last semester. I am a senior nurse working in a multispecialty hospital, where different aspects of nursing are embodied regularly during practice. I am senior nurse, so my work also included teaching a group in my field work. As is evident, this teaching session involved learning, and my job was also to learn in parallel. The audience was student and registered nurses, and during this semester, I also had to attend teaching sessions taken by other registered nurses. Therefore, it could be a dual process, where the teacher has bilateral opportunity to learn as a faculty as well as a student When I decided to keep this journal as a means for reflective practice, I was not very systematic in keeping regular notes. This perhaps happened due to the fact that I did not take reflective journaling very seriously. Now, while presenting it in the form an organized journal, I see that that would have been better to keep an organized n ote. As I allow the work to guide me, I see that it generates a conscious intention in me, and it becomes a contemplative practice. In this journal I would reflect upon this process of transition in me to examine how well I did my work, and what could have been done better to make my practice more fruitful.When I was intimated that I would be required to take teaching session on contagious diseases and method of prevention through isolation to a group of 20 people comprising of registered nurses and nursing students, I was immediately very nervous. As a registered nurse I am quite confident about the principles of infection prevention in our hospital, but knowing things and teaching things are different. This would be practice of learning, and the first question I asked to myself was, whether I was competent enough (Nursing Council of Hong Kong, 2004). This was an education programme designed to provide the nurses necessary skills, knowledge, and attitudes to practice in future in t heir respective roles. Those who were registered nurses and belonged to the group of students, this session would definitely need to be designed to refine their skills and update their knowledge. Ultimately, these educations would serve to contribute to the maintenance of high standards in practice delivering the best possible care. I questioned myself about whether it was necessary or not. It is true that this teaching would at least promote life-long learning in the constantly changing requirement of standards of service. This topic would definitely relevant to the leaning and practice needs of the group. The students are expected to undertake infectious diseases nursing following the completion of the course. Only thing I could not clearly saw was what would be taught and why that would be taught. It would need a curriculum model, and given the mixed nature of the group, learning would be seen as a change in the observable behaviour of the students in practice, but it should be a process. I understand that this programme would be much more focused on the development of understanding (Paterson, B.L. & Pratt, D.D., 2007). I decided that in my introduction to the training programme, I would highlight these points, so students may participate in a more active manner. Given the fact that I am a first-time teacher, I also made a note that I would familiarize myself with the curriculum design of the course. Week 2 The teaching should occur according to the learning needs of the students. I was not an educationist, but it was immediately very important for me to know and design the content of my course (Beitz, J. M., 1996). To be able to do that, I had to first examine the philosophy on which the curriculum would be based on. Moreover, it should need facilitation in a very careful manner to link with the feelings and thinking of the participant taking care of the practice relevance. The topic that has been assigned to me is relevant to practice, since infectious

Life History Essay Example for Free

Life History Essay The purpose of getting a life history on a person is to be able to paint a picture of who they are. The information from the history should not just be a random collection of facts. The history should be an account of the persons life story, including important themes in their life that reflect the development of their personality and their relationships with other people. Life histories play key roles in psychological treatment and research. While the following guidelines are rather typical of the sort of questions asked, interviews vary considerable depending on whos doing them and why. Your purpose in conducting this interview is educational. While your objective is collecting the same information you might in a real clinical or research situation, keep in mind this is a didactic exercise. Therefore, be willing to sacrifice sensitive or upsetting information to protect the comfort and privacy of your subject. Be sure to let him or her know (s)he does not need to talk about anything (s)he doesnt want to. While doing the interview, pay careful attention to how the person is responding to your questions, and always be respectful of his/her privacy. If it seems like the person is uncomfortable discussing some aspect of his or her life, dont press for an answer. Move on to the next part of the interview. Each of you will interview a classmate. Then, that classmate will interview you. I expect each interview to take about 1.5 hours. You should take notes, and if you have access to a tape recorder, I would recommend using it too. Be sure to check your recorder to see that it is working, though, and take notes anywaymachines fail at the darndest times! Be sure to print a copy of these guidelines and bring them with you. Dont be afraid to refer back to them for questions and guidance about topics to broach. This assignment is due on 5/29/00. Beginning the Interview It is best to begin the interview by giving the person free range to tell their life story. Where they start their story and how they tell it will reveal what immediately strikes them as important. So begin the interview with the following instructions: Id like to find out about your life history. Could you tell me about it? Describe it to me as if you were telling me your life story. Most people will leave out certain details. If the details seem important, use open-ended questions to probe for more information, such as And then what happened? or What did you do after that? We also want to find out about how people thought and felt about what happened to them. If they omit this information, use such questions as How did you feel about that? or What did you think about that at the time? The Importance of Reflection It is best if the interview doesnt turn into a question and answer session where you ask questions and they give short answers. Its difficult to do, but try to turn the interview into a smoothly flowing discussion. Use the technique known as reflection to encourage a person to talk more about something. Simply reflect back to the person some important aspect of what they have just said. You may simply repeat the exact words the person used, or you may sometimes add in some thought or feeling that you detected in what the person said. Reflections are NOT in the form of a question. If you can do this effectively, you wont have to bombard the person with all of the questions listed above. Here are some examples: Person: My father and I used to play ball in the backyard. We had a lot of fun with that. You: You and your father had some fun times. Person: When he said that to me, it really annoyed me. I couldnt believe my best friend would say something like that. You: He could really get you angry with his remarks. Other examples of open-ended reflections might be: I guess you really enjoyed that time of your life. It sounds like it upset you when he said that. It seems like that was a very important event for you. When a question does seem necessary, open-ended questions are most likely to lead to richer responses (rather than yes or no). Open ended questions invite answers that are descriptive and elaborative, rather than monosyllables. How do you feel about school is an open-ended questions, because it allows great latitude in the response that might be given. Do you like school would merely prompt a few word response; similarly, a multple-choice format limits responses. There are situations where open-ended questions are not optimal (e.g., When and where were you born is fine). But usually, the goal is getting the subject to talk about important topics, rather than answer hundreds of questions you think might be relevant. Open-ended questions are usually best for initiating a flowing conversation. Areas to Explore People will also leave out certain topic areas that are important. You will need to ask questions about this areas, but always try to do so in an open-ended way that allows people to express themselves freely, according to what strikes them as important. You should get information about all of the following areas. Start with the first open-ended question, and work your way down to the following questions, if needed. 1. The history of parents and grandparents: Tell me about your parents lives. What can you tell me about your grandparents lives? (Inquire about their lives before and after marriage, including important events in their life, their childhood, education, occupation, ethnic and religious background. If they leave out a parent or grandparent, inquire about them) 2. Early childhood (before school): What do you know about yourself as a baby. What was your mothers pregnancy like? Were there any family stories or jokes about what you were like as a child? What are your earliest childhood memories? What do you remember or know about major early events in your life like eating habits, walking, talking, and toilet training? Were there any stresses in your family at that time? 3. School Years: What were your early years in school like? Do you remember the very first day of school? How did you do at school work through the years? What were your relationships like with your teachers and schoolmates? Who were your friends and what sorts of things did you do with them? 4. Adolescence: What was your adolescence like? How was your social and school life at that time? When did you enter puberty. How did your life change then? What was your relationship with your friends during your teen years? What was your relationship with your family at that time? When did you start to date, and what were those relationships like? 5. Adult Life (including college): What has been important about your adult life? What have your adult relationships with friends and co- workers been like? What has your relationship with your (husband/wife, fiance, boyfriend/girlfriend) been like? What types of jobs have you worked at, and what did you think about those jobs? What was college like for you? What hobbies or other interests do you have? 6. Family Information (if you didnt already get this info): What has your family been like over the years. Tell me about your brothers and sisters (age, education, marital status, their relationship with the interviewee) How would you describe the personalities of the people in your family? What role did each parent take in raising you? Were there any emotional problems in the family, or conflicts between family members? Did your family ever move? What was that like? What is the ethnic background of your family? What has been your religious upbringing, and your attitudes about religion? Describe your own family. (relationship with children, how children relate to each other and spouse, typical activities, etc.) Questions Answers about the Assignment Here are some questions a classmate asked. I felt it might be helpful to share them, and my replies, with the rest of you. I do have a tape recorder ( I am not sure if I trust it very much, what if it doesnt pick up the voice or ), Point the mike at the interviewee, talk a few minutes, then play it back to see if its working. If your partner has a tape, use it too as a back-up. I actually do use two sometimes in my work. And, of course, take notes in case the darn thing decides to fail when you need it most. but what should I do about notes? (i dont write very fast at all) And how can/should an interviewer take notes so as to minimize its interference in the interview? Learning to use shorthand is part of learning to be a good inteviewer. Just write what you must to reconstruct the conversation. You can go back and fill in the details later. Its ok to ask the interviewee to wait while you write (just a second, pleaseok, thanks, go ahead.). This is less disruptive than you might imagine, as long as you dont do it too frequently. Are we supposed to ask All the questions? That is a stupid lead-in on my part, but it seems like that would take longer than 1.5 hours. I actually expect the interviews will run about 2 hours, but if I assigned that people would run over anyway, so I thought Id do you a favor by starting with a lower expectation. Try to pace yourself. If you find youre spending lots of time on one part of your subjects life, move the conversation (great. Thanks. Now, could you tell me about [new topic]). I dont expect anyone will follow the guidelines exactly. Thats why Im offering them as guidelines rather than a rigid set of questions. Are there wrong responses to this interview? I would not want to ramble and be a bore. I like to talk/share. I am trying to decide if I should warn my interviewer. That really is the interviewers jobto politely redirect the subject when (s)he rambles off. Some of that is inevitable, even desirable, but it is important to redirect things when the subject lapses into long, relatively unimportant tangents. Besides what if you just dont remember or it takes too long to try and remember or you only remember vaguely or if things are difficult to explain? Well, you wont be able to say much about those things. Thats ok. Its not as though I think about these things all that often or in specific articulable terms, ya know? Or do I sound like an idiot? No, I feel the same way about some of the questions. For example, I dont know much about my toilet training. I suppose if I was still in diapers at age 4 I probably WOULD know about it, so often, when something in early childhood is unremarkable, we dont know much about it. Thats fine. Should we try to think of responses? What should/can I do to be a better interviewee/interviewer? I dont think you need to prepare to be interviewed. Of course, theres no harm in thinking a little about the questions ahead of time, but I think it would be a poor idea to prepare your responses. That wouldnt give your interviewer a very natural experience. By the way, what is the age range difference between what is referred to in/by Schoool Years versus Adolescence? School Years generally refers to middle- and later-childhood, say the ages of 6-12. Also, What is due on the 26nd? Notes? A write-up of some sort? Q A transcript type record? No. Both interviews should be complete by that date. Your write up will be due on the last meeting of class. You say this is a Didactic experienceas opposed to what? What sort of instruction is that intended to give us? Did you mean to convey anything specific, may I ask? Not to sound suspicious, just trying to understand. Im trying to remind you that this is a learning experience. So, if you start discussing things that are upsetting to the interviewee, or (s)he is reluctant to discuss, I wouldnt encourage you to push or dig deeper. One might do such things during a professional assessment, or as a therapist, but this is an educational experience for the interviewer, not a clinical intervention to benefit the interviewee. Consequently, its appropriate to sacrifice information that be essential in a different context. For example, if you find that your subject was beaten as a kid, you might not push for details in this exercise (that would be an unwarrented intrusion), although I certainly might in a real clinical or research interview.

FMI Studies in Obesity

FMI Studies in Obesity Obesity: insights from fMRI imaging studies Abstract One-third of the US adult population is obese. Obesity is associated with serious medical complications and costs a lot of money. In my paper, we will study this phenomena with fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) when subjects were at resting state (subjects were instructed simply to keep their eyes closed and to not think of anything in particular). Before this, we postulate that there will be disruption in neural circuits, which result in obesity. There are four circuits that we mainly focus on: (a) reward, located in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral pallidum; (b) motivation/drive, located in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the subcallosal cortex; (c) memory and learning, located in the amygdala and the hippocampus; and (d) control, located in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus (CG). We used SPM, which based on Matlab, to analyse our data, and processed the results by GCA (Granger causality analysis). Through it, we will get the connection between two ROIs(region of interesting). Key words: obesity; fMRI; resting state; GCA(Granger causality analysis) Introduction Obesity is a global problem with the improvement of our life. There are one-third of US adult population who is obese, whose body mass index(BMI)≠¥30 kg*m-2.[1] Undoubtedly, obesity costs a lot because it is associated with serious diseases(e.g. diabetes, heart disease, fatty liver and some cancers)[2,3]. What lead to obesity are complex and ambiguity, such as social and cultural factors, environments that promote unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity, individual factors, etc [4]. Obesity with long time can result in function changes in human brain, but we do not know how this works. New imaging technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided new ways to investigate the relationship of human brain. Much of previous studies were based on PET images which focus on the brain dopamine system, they found that there are different between normal and obese in DA system. Methods Based on previous studies, we study function changes of human brain by fMRI. On account of discover that others found before, we support some hypotheses that obesity can result in difference between normal and obese. We focused on four brain circuits in our research which were discussed in drug-addiction. As well, what we found maybe provide a method to treat obesity. There are two groups, one is normal and the other is obesity. The information of subjects are showed in Figure1. In our experiment, there were three groups, which were obesity before surgery and after one month, compared with the normal control. We collected data form TangDu Hospital. During scanning, subjects were asked for closing eyes Figure1:  Subjects Information. StandardDeviation(STD). Body Mass Index(BMI). Yale Food Addiction scale(YFAS). Sympton Check List 90(SCL90). without thinking anything but waking. Before scanning, they filled a questionnaire, which include depression, anxiety, and so on, to see their mental state. In this address, we just analysed the data that scanned before surgery and normal control. Obesity involved multiple brain circuits Obesity can result in multiple variation, however, there are four circuits which are very important in obesity: (a) reward, located in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral pallidum; (b) motivation/drive, located in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the subcallosal cortex; (c) memory and learning, located in the amygdala and the hippocampus; and (d) control, located in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus (CG). These circuits work together and change with experience[5,6]. Moreover, there are other circuits involved in obesity which we will study further. Four circuits in obesity We processed data through SPM,[7] which is based on matlab. After that, we analysed the data by GCA(Granger Casual Analysis)[8]. At resting state, we found that there was abnormal in motivation/drive circuit which receded in obesity than normal (figure2). Because of the exception of motivation, it could lead to disorder of other circuits. In reward circuit, the saliency value to food stimulation was reset in obesity, which resulted in overeating to reach satisfy. Circuit of memory and learning maybe influence individual habit. When somebody who is overweight saw food or some place for more time. He or she would remember the stimulation and when he or she met it again, it would arouse memory to drive someone to get it. We also found that there was reduction in control circuit. Due to this reduction, obesity can not control their eating behavior very well even if they were full. Based   Figure2:Result of GCA [10] . on these disorder, we postulate that long-term obesity destroyed human brain function  through the top-down modulation[9]. Vulnerability to obesity A challenging problem in the neurobiology of obesity is to understand why some individuals become obese while others do not. Genetic factors are estimated to contribute between 45% and 85% of the variability in BMI [3,4]. Beyond that, we hypothesize that decreased sensitivity of reward circuit and the disorder of control circuit in obesity would lead a subject more or less vulnerable to food. At the same time, the environment that subjects could get high calorie food was significant. Because of these findings, obese could lose fat by intervening the brain circuits or controlling the environment around obesity. Discussion In our study, we just focused on four brain circuits. There were other circuits which involved in obesity. In further study, we would find them and research their function. In the future, our discover maybe be applied to clinic treatment with less wounds. There are some limitation in our experiment, for example, we didn’t get the result of fMRI what was gotten when subjects were at tasking state(somebody lies on bed with seeing images which are about low or high calorie food). In the further research, we will combine these result and obtain an excellent conclusion. Acknowledgments This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. My tutor gave me help on many fronts. I have to appreciate upperclassmen who gave me help too. The doctors who scanned subjects, the subjects who coordinated our experiment and the authors who provided idea should be given great appreciation. Finally, thanking Dr. Karen for teaching me how to address our experiment. References [1] N.D. Volkow, Gene-Jack Wang and R.D. Baler, Reward, dopamine and the control of food intake: implications for obesity, Trends in Cognitive Sciences January 2011, Vol. 15, No. 1. [2] Finkelstein, E.A.et al.(2009) Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff.28, w822–w831 [3] Baessler, A.et al.(2005) Genetic linkage and association of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin receptor) gene in human obesity. Diabetes 54, 259–267 [4] Silventoinen, K. and Kaprio, J. (2009) Genetics of tracking of body mass index from birth to late middle age: evidence from twin and family studies. Obes. Facts 2, 196–202 [5] N. D. Volkow, J. S. Fowler, and Gene-Jack Wang,(2003) The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies, PERSPECTIVE SERIES, 111:1444–1451. [6] N.D. Volkow, B. Rosen, and L.Farde, 1997. Imaging the living human brain: magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94:2787–2788. [7] ReHofMRI1.0 (by Dr. HE Yong, free download from http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/users/yonghe) [8] Mingzhou Ding, Yonghong Chen, Steven L. Bressler, Granger Causality: Basic Theory and Application‎ to ‎Neuroscience†, Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science,2008.02.07. [9] Wen X, Liu Y, Yao L, Ding M (2013) Top-down regulation of default mode activity in spatial visual attention. J Neurosci 33(15): 6444 –6453 [10] Mingzhou Ding, Yonghong Chen,(2006) Granger Causality: Basic Theory and Application to Neuroscience, Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science, arXiv:q-bio/0608035v1 Cai Weiwei

Ethical And Unethical Business Practices Business Essay

Ethical And Unethical Business Practices Business Essay Introduction In recent years the issue of ethical and unethical business practices have received lots of attention around the world especially by media. Ethics in business can defined as behaviours that a business bond to in its daily dealings with the world or in other words what society believes is right or wrong which involves or impact how a business is carried out. Ethical or unethical business practices concerns not only to how the business interacts with the world at large, but also to their one-on-one dealings with individuals. Many businesses are interested in making money, and that is the bottom line or in other words they just want to be in business; on the other hand there are many businesses that making money does not mean everything to them, but doing the right thing and having responsibility and commitment toward society have far more importance. In past years there have been numerous reports from global businesses, including most of the major brands that the public use for their poor business ethics, which have received a huge attention by people around the world. One of the most shocking reports came from a well-known company Nestlà ©. The main ethical issues concerning Nestlà © company was endorsing infant formula with ambiguous and unsafe strategies, using suppliers that violate human rights and promoting harmful food. On the other hand in recent years many companies gained a huge reputation mainly because of their ethical business practices, such as Xerox, Pepsi, Solae and many other well-known companies. Solae Company was ranked as one of the most Worlds Most Ethical Companies in Food industry in 2010. Solae mostly gained its reputation through its core value which cornerstone of that they are and what they stand for, values such as public safety and health, high ethical behaviour and respect for people. 1.0 Nestlà © S.A 1.1 Nestlà © History Nestlà © S.A is the world largest fast moving customer goods company in the worldwide, Nestlà © was originated and founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland in 1905 in a merger of the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company and the Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © Company. Nestlà © start growing after the First World War following the Second World War by expanding its market from 13 to 86 countries around the world, the company currently has more than 283,000 employees. Nestlà © company has more than 6,000 thousands brands, with wide range of products offered a cross markets such as, coffee, bottled water, beverages including Aero and Skinny Cow, chocolate, ice cream, infant foods, performance and healthcare nutrition, confectionery, frozen and refrigerated foods, seasonings and pet food (Mcspotlight, 2002). In 2000 Nestlà © joined the World Coca Foundation (WCF) in order to deal with issues caused by farmers, the WCF goal is to help farmer in earning more income, encouraging them for more efficient farming technique and environmental and social practices (Mcspotlight, 2002). The Nestle Business Principles form the companys culture which has been developed over the period of 140 years. Nestlà ©s Corporate Business Principles are handed out to its 283,000 worker accompanied by training tool in order spread out the companies core values and mission. The Company management is done according to its demographic location, along with the exception of Nestle waters and nutrition which are managed by a global department (nestle, 2010). 2.0 Nestlà © Controversy and Criticism In past ten years Nestlà © Company was accused by many of experts and organisations around the world for unethical business practices in the way the company does its business, the company was involved in serious boycotts which ruined the company overall reputation in past years. In this essay we have discussed and analysis some of the most serious Nestlà © unethical business practices (Phdinparenting, 2010). 2.1 Unethical Marketing of Artificial Baby Milk One of the most critical issues that Nestlà © has been criticised for during past 15 years is the promotion of the use of infant formula to mothers across the world. Many believe that Nestlà © strategy for promoting its infant formula was misleading and harmful that violates both International Symbols of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes and WHO Code amendable the marketing of breast milk substitutes (Mcspotlight, 2002). Nestlà ©s marketing campaign encouraged mothers across the world for bottle feeding instead of breast feeding, they used free sample to pursue this mission in addition Nestlà © implies that malnourished mothers and mothers with twins have not the ability to Breastfeed their child, despite many international health organisations claimed that there is no sufficient evidence to shore up this statement which could put both the mothers and babies life in danger (Corporatewatch, 2003). There have been numerous reports of direct advertisement targeting mothers across the world in countries such as Malaysia, South Africa and Ireland as a result advocacy groups and health organizations accused Nestlà © of unethical methods of promoting its milk and demand the company to immediately stop its marketing strategies (Mcspotlight, 2002). One of the Health organisations that criticised Nestlà © for its marketing strategy was IBFAN which believed Nestlà © is harming misleading mothers by offering them a free sample of milks as they are in hospitals, because as mothers are released from hospitals they have to continually buy Nestlà ©s formula since babies get adapted to the Nestlà ©s milk. IBFAN also maintained that Nestlà © exercise Humanitarian Aid to form markets by offering striking gifts and different sponsorships to influence health officials to market and promote its products by targeting young mothers who have given birth (Corporatewatch, 2003). 2.2 Using Suppliers That Violate Human Rights Another controversy issue faced by the company during past years was using suppliers that violate human rights, in 2009 BBC reported that Nestlà © buy its milk from a farm seized from its white owners which is now owned by the wife of Zimbabwes President Robert Mugabe, they supply between 10% to 15% of Nestlà ©s local milk supply (Corporatewatch, 2003). However the company denies the proclamation and claims that the only reason they purchase their milk supply from its African supplier is to help meet the food needs of Zimbabwean consumers (BBC, 2009). 2.3 Exploiting Farmers In 2001, Nestlà © faced huge criticism for purchasing cocoa from the Ivory Coast and Ghana suppliers, which may have been produced using child slaves. An investigation by BBC showed that hundreds of children who lived in Mali, Burkina and Togo were being purchased from their parents and sent to countries such as Ivory Coast and Ghana to be used in production of coca (BBC, 2001). Most of the children who work in coca farms are ranged between 12 to 14 years old, and are forced to work 80 to 100 hours each week while they are not paid fairly, barely fed and beaten regularly (Corporatewatch, 2003). After the widespread of these reports Nestlà © Company faced huge criticism from health and labour organisations around the world to put a stop to these anti-humanities act, as a result the company did not have any choice except to express its concern over the use of child labour in coca farms to, however the company never confirmed that non of its chocolate products derived from these anti-humanities resources (Mcspotlight, 2002). 2.4 Union Busting In late 2001, labour organisations accused Nestlà © for denying its worker right; one of the countries that most of the accusation came from was Columbia, in which eight worker of the company got assassinated because they were part of food and drink labour union called SINALTRAINAL; however there have been no evidence linked Nestlà © to these assassinations. In another example involving Nestlà © union busting, in 2001 the management of Nestlà © subsidiary Comestibles La Rosa threatened the company worker that they must either renounce their union membership or they should leave the company (Corporatewatch, 2003). 2.5 Promoting Unhealthy Food Nestle was recently exposed after a report by the UK consumers association claiming that 7 out of 10 of the Nestlà ©s breakfast cereals containing the highest level of fast, sugar and salt water. The company is accused for denying the role of corporate responsibility in promoting its product to public (Corporatewatch, 2003). 2.6 Illegal Extraction of Groundwater The company was also accused for abusing and ruining water resources in Brazil and United State. In the region of Serra da mantiqueira in Brazil which is known for its vulnerable groundwater resources, Nestlà ©s over pumping action has resulted in depletion and long term damages to the region water resources (Corporatewatch, 2003). Nestlà ©s was accused because people of the Serra da mantiquira believ that the company action has changed the taste of their drinking water and also the over pumping has caused complete dry out on the main region water resources. Nestle used these water resources for its mineral water product called Pure Life bottled water (Phdinparenting, 2010). 3.0 Solae Company 3.1 Solae History Solae LLC is an international soy supplier which is based in Louis, Missouri. This company is the world leader in developing and producing innovative soy technologies, meat and other nutritional products. The company was founded in 1958 by producing just industrial soy protein products; however Solae started producing other food product (such as baked goods, meats, beverages and nutrition bars) in 1973 after DuPont and Bunge created Solae Company as a joint venture (Solae, 2010). Solar use soybean resources around the world in order to create nutritious and great-tasting ingredients including baked goods, meats, beverages and nutrition bars which are consumed by thousands of customers and consumers in more than 120 countries worldwide. The company has approximately 2,400 employees in different parts of the world as well as North America, Asia, Latin America and Europe (Solae, 2010). Solaes commitment to innovation and development has resulted in production of new soy product tag along by more than 98 patent and 338 patents pending which is more than any other soy provider in the world (Solae, 2010). On 26 of March 2010, Solae Company was recognized by the Ethisphere Institute as one of the worlds most ethical companies. Each year Ethisphere Institute prepares a list of 100 companies which it believes are the most ethical companies in the world on basis of attitude and future refinement (Ethisphere, 2010). The world most ethical companies are recognize not only making statements about doing business ethically but also translating those statements into action. Solae was ranked among on of the 100 most ethical companies in the world along with giant companies like Pepsi, Nike, Ford, Xerox, Henkel and LOreal in addition the company was positioned at top 5 most ethical companies in food and beverage industry joined by Campbell, Mills and PepsiCo (Ethisphere, 2010). 4.0 Solae Ethical and Decent Practices Solae ethical and moral practices are inspired by the companys core value which mostly concentrate on what the company is and what it is stand for, Solae top executives believes the strength of the company begins with a deep commitment to ethics from the top to bottom in the company, ethical behaviour is one of the core values at Solae, which is important in both the companys professional and personal lives. According to Solae officials, at Solae ethic codes are designed to make sure that each of the companies personnel are constantly upholds the companys standards and objectives. Any act that deliberately violates the law or regulation to screen non-compliance with this Code of Conducts, or company overall policy is an ethical violates (Solae code of conduct, 2010). 4.1 Safety and Health Solae Company believes that in doing business all occupational illnesses, environmental incidents and injuries are preventable and can be controlled by implementing the right business practices along with providing the best and high quality foods to consumers. The companys overall goal is zero for incidents, meaning that safety and health are one of the most important aspects of Solae Company (Solae, 2010). Every employee at Solae is responsible for acting in reliance with safety and health law which was developed to prevent any incident involving employees and other Solae personnel. Managements in each department are responsible for training, educating and motivating employees to understand and act accordingly to applicable safety and health laws. 4.2 Sustainable Practices for Society Solae core value of environmental custodiantion is a major example of the companys commitment for people in different societies. At Solae employees are expected to compete lawfully at all manners, they are also expected to protect the environment and to be a good keeper of the company operations, services and products (Ethisphere, 2010). 4.3 Environmental Practices Since the company was founded, Solae mission has been to be the preferred universal partner in the expansion and delivery of nutritional and efficient solutions for its customers, the Company is constantly committed to promise to conduct business and operations with respect and care for the Mother Nature. Since Solae main business is product of soybean resources, the company pays a great respect and attention to environmental practices which helps to keep our nature green and un harmful. At Solae managers at each corporate level are held responsible for educating, training, motivating and instructing employees to understand the important of Solaes commitment to protect environment in addition each employee at Sola company has the responsibility to meet and fulfil the terms of Health and Environment which were developed to guide each employee in pursuing the companies mission and vision (Solae code of conduct, 2010). Solaes commitment to environment is one of the core value developed by the company which has allowed the company continually improve and implement main manufacturing process and activities to reduce its impact on Mother Nature, It is believed that Solae track its activities across all manufacturing department in order to replicate successful improvement where it is needed. The company has received several awards because of its environmentally friendly business practices around the world. For example: In 2009, the company headquarter in St.Lous was given a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Certificate for having the most energy efficient, greenest and high productive building in the region (Solae, 2010). In 2005, Solae received two awards from different non-profit organisations for reducing total energy consumed by the company by more than 10 percent and decreasing greenhouse emissions by 7.7 produce by the company (Solae, 2010). 4.4 Ethical Competition Law Practices It is believed that, Solae competes forcefully in the marketplace to best supply its customers needs and preferences. Solae Company has gain most of its reputation as a result of its Competition Laws which the company follow in most of the countries that operates, these laws are compound and can vary from country to country depending to its market place competition condition and pressure (Solae code of conduct, 2010). 4.5 Water and Energy Consumption Solae is well known around the world for its efficient water and energy consumption in compare with other companies involved in food industry. Soy uses less water than other kind of proteins such as meat, milk and eggs. In addition soy is known to be an efficient source of protein based on return amount of energy use in compare with other resources of proteins. C:UsersArmanDesktopvirtuawater.jpg C:UsersArmanDesktopenergyefficiency.jpg USDA; FAO/ UNICEF, USA Protein Advisory Group (2005) 4.6 Equal Opportunity Non Discrimination Solae Company is against any discrimination regarding any employee or new application who wants to join the group because of race, sex, age, colour, national origin, marital status, expression or ancestry (Solae, 2010). Conclusion To sum up, Core values are particularly critical in these days as we operate in markets around the world and aiming to serve customers with different needs and ideas. Obviously at Solae Company the central attention is to understand responsibilities and obligations toward individuals and environment. As experiment has shown us a companys success is pretty much dependent on ethics and moral which builds a long term reputation for both the company and industry. Unfortunately, after analyzing Nestlà ©s corporation act, clearly ethics has no place in the company long term strategy. This fact has greatly influenced companys reputation and has ruined its position in food industries around the world. As a result the concept of ethics has become one of the most important aspects of management duty. For companies as big and successful as Solae and Nestle training employees to follow ethical and social principles are key success factor and has to be observed and practice continually. Many businesses are interested in making money, and that is the bottom line or in other words they just want to be in business; on the other hand there are many businesses that making money does not mean everything to them, but doing the right thing and having responsibility and commitment toward society have far more importance. Solae has to continue its effort in practicing ethical principles in all company levels and Nestle has to change its long term strategy and pay attention to what is right and wrong.

Essay --

The Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) The definition of tourism and the tourists ----------------------------------------- (1) The reasons that make the tourists come to the UAE-----------------------------(1,2) The advantages of tourism -----------------------------------------------------------(2) The negative impact of tourism -----------------------------------------------------(2,3) The Comparison between Dubai and other countries according to GDP Growth : --------------------------------------------(3) The Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------(4) The references list ---------------------------------------------------------------------(4) Among ages the life in the UAE has been changed from all the aspects , It becomes sophisticated in a huge way . In the construction field the UAE become a competitor to the advanced countries, it also make great achievements in the entertainment field .All of that make tourism more active in the UAE . Tourism become in the UAE as a big business , it considered as the one of the largest industries in the UAE , it rises the economic income with a high percentages . In this report I will write about the definition of tourism and the tourists , the reasons that make the tourists from each corner of the globe come to the UAE , the effect of tourism in the UAE and finally Comparison between Dubai and other countries according to GDP* Growth . The definition of tourism and the tourists : Tourism is to travel from one place to another mainly for recreational or leisure purposes and the companies in the receiver country will provide all the s... ...rica Region . Arabia 2000 .(P-1) . Dubai has strong and dynamic tourism sector .(2010).Arabia 2000.(P-1). IMF World Economic Outlook ,Econstates, Ministry of Economy .Retrieved December4 , 2011, from : http://www.google.ae/search?q=dubai-economy_clip_image004 Mourtoiza . (2008) .Positive impact of tourism in Dubai . Retrieved December 2,2011, from : http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Impact-Tourism-Dubai/158196 The disadvantages of the tourism .(2010) . Retrieved December2 , 2011, from : http://wiki.answers.com/Q/what arethe disadvantages of tourism Tourism . (2008) . Retrieved December2 , 2011 , from : http://sidestore.com UAE travel and tourism sector emerges as one of key contributes to GDP. (2011). Arabia 2000 .(P-1). United Arab Emirates Archeologicalsites . (2005) . Retrieved December 2 , 2011, from: http://www.uaeinteract.com/culture/default.asp Essay -- The Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) The definition of tourism and the tourists ----------------------------------------- (1) The reasons that make the tourists come to the UAE-----------------------------(1,2) The advantages of tourism -----------------------------------------------------------(2) The negative impact of tourism -----------------------------------------------------(2,3) The Comparison between Dubai and other countries according to GDP Growth : --------------------------------------------(3) The Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------(4) The references list ---------------------------------------------------------------------(4) Among ages the life in the UAE has been changed from all the aspects , It becomes sophisticated in a huge way . In the construction field the UAE become a competitor to the advanced countries, it also make great achievements in the entertainment field .All of that make tourism more active in the UAE . Tourism become in the UAE as a big business , it considered as the one of the largest industries in the UAE , it rises the economic income with a high percentages . In this report I will write about the definition of tourism and the tourists , the reasons that make the tourists from each corner of the globe come to the UAE , the effect of tourism in the UAE and finally Comparison between Dubai and other countries according to GDP* Growth . The definition of tourism and the tourists : Tourism is to travel from one place to another mainly for recreational or leisure purposes and the companies in the receiver country will provide all the s... ...rica Region . Arabia 2000 .(P-1) . Dubai has strong and dynamic tourism sector .(2010).Arabia 2000.(P-1). IMF World Economic Outlook ,Econstates, Ministry of Economy .Retrieved December4 , 2011, from : http://www.google.ae/search?q=dubai-economy_clip_image004 Mourtoiza . (2008) .Positive impact of tourism in Dubai . Retrieved December 2,2011, from : http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Impact-Tourism-Dubai/158196 The disadvantages of the tourism .(2010) . Retrieved December2 , 2011, from : http://wiki.answers.com/Q/what arethe disadvantages of tourism Tourism . (2008) . Retrieved December2 , 2011 , from : http://sidestore.com UAE travel and tourism sector emerges as one of key contributes to GDP. (2011). Arabia 2000 .(P-1). United Arab Emirates Archeologicalsites . (2005) . Retrieved December 2 , 2011, from: http://www.uaeinteract.com/culture/default.asp

Confidence in the Federal Government and Voter Turnout Essay -- Resear

Confidence in the Federal Government and Voter Turnout Introduction Since the presidency of John F. Kennedy, there has been a decline in American confidence in the federal government (Walker, 2000). The importance of confidence in the American federal government is immense. Political participation can be defined as â€Å"Any activity that attempts to influence public policy or the selection of government officials† (Austin Community College). One hopes that Americans do not lack confidence in the federal government because they dislike this style of government. Democracy for many years has been trumpeted and hailed by many as the best way a government can truly reflect, respect and represent her citizens. Having a great deal of confidence and participating in governance can create a more patriotic spirit in citizens, which in turn might lead to more citizens participating politically, thereby making the country more democratic. It can be a propelling force behind a nation’s success, affecting all aspects of her citizens’ lives: education, business, government, families, and community organizations (McLagan & Nel, 1997). Since the 1970’s, the level of confidence in the federal government of America has drastically decreased. To illustrate the decline in confidence, the Cable News Network (CNN) Broadcasting Company recently conducted polls on confidence of the American public. Among their results were that â€Å"4 out of 5 [American adults] lack confidence in government† (Kyoko, 1997). This is approximately 153,600,000 million Americans! According to the CNN polls, â€Å"when asked to name two or three government successes of the past 30 years, 42 percent of the respondents could not even name one† (Kyoko, 1997).... ...1985, August). Religion and political change: The impacts of institutional connectedness and religious imagery. (Bib01414). Paper presented to the American Political Science Association. New Orleans, LA. Keystone Research Center. http://keystoneresearch.org/ 90 Ihuegbu Honors College Review 2001 press.releases/pademocracy.html Kyoko, A. (1997, March 21). Four of 5 Americans lack confi dence in government. Cable News Network [On-line]. Available: http://www.cnn.com/us/9703/21/govt.poll/ McLagan, P., & Nel, C. (1997). San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. ReadersNdex Archive [On-line]. Available: http://www.readersndex.com/imprint/000001n/00001cj/ 0000†¦/title.htm Walker, D. (2000, April 25). Improving government perfor mance and building trust. John C. Whitehead Forum [On-line]. Available: http://www.excelgov.org/whitehead/ walker_speech.htm

Cameron Auto Parts Essay

1. Should Cameron have licensed McTaggart or continued to export? Cameron Auto Parts has many factors to consider when addressing the future of their company. While Cameron has had their eye on expanding internationally, they must also consider how using licensing, as opposed to say FDI, for international expansion will affect Cameron’s control of the business. Cameron is said to have close relationships with whom they do business with, and the lose of control and possible communication issues that come with allowing McTaggart in could harm Cameron’s relations with their clients. I believe that Andy has reason for concern with licensing out the work directly to McTaggart â€Å"on a silver platter.† However it can be just as risky to stick to exporting and paying off Cameron’s debts. Cameron seems to not have the specific market knowledge needed to expand internationally, or need to continue to run the risks of currency exchange and other exporting risks such as transportation costs. Additionally, the high investment required in expanding the exporting business locally could hurt future endeavors to expand internationally. Although Cameron has the capacity to expand their current plant, that is still a limited resource, whereas international expansion would allow for potential beyond their current space. While they could invest in a new plant or two-shift system, to have licensed with McTaggart is much easier to implement and greatly reduces Cameron’s risks. While exporting would eventually allow for economies of scale (seen in the estimated 20% reduction of production cost annually), expanding internationally with the flexible coupling will allow for an economies of scope with Cameron’s spread out assets. If profits are expected to increase with the flexible coupling, there is no reason to believe that meeting McTaggart’s demand first and then later investing in a new plant isn’t possible. 2. Was McTaggart a good choice for licensee? Yes McTaggart was a good choice as a licensee for many reasons. McTaggart is already deeply entrenched into their markets, and seem to have the kind of market knowledge that Cameron does not have. McTaggart also has the capacities to handle such an arrangement, as well as taking on the brunt of the financing themselves. Most importantly McTaggart was having proven success selling Cameron’s equipment, bringing in $4,000 in the first four months alone while not being able to keep up with demand. Additionally, technology flow-back and McTaggart’s excellent credit record were very appealing to Cameron. McTaggart also has a good reach, having several sales representatives outside of the UK. McTaggart holds a boasting reputation that has seen 130 years of business a high caliber sales force with a proven track record. McTaggart could pose some problems for Cameron as well. Currently McTaggart’s sales reach is limited, and perhaps Cameron could become more of an international player through other means. McTaggart also may have separate ideas from Cameron on how to generate sales, and their partnership is still a bit infantile. McTaggart’s most notable advantage though remains their excellent credit. Considering 59% of McTaggart’s total assets are tied into equity, their credit will remain very strong. McTaggart was also able to reach a staggering 1.5 million pound profit despite losing 9 million pounds in total sales, perhaps showing that a licensing opportunity with the flexible coupling can bring a surge into expected sales. McTaggart also seems willing to develop and this could call for future collaborations between the two. 3. Was the royalty rate reasonable? Did Cameron leave money on the table? I believe that Cameron could have gotten more out of the deal, but considering the tradition of 1.5% being a normal rate the deal is reasonable for both parties. McTaggart has already been paying an extreme amount of residual costs through importing, and by Cameron sharing their information they are greatly reducing what McTaggart could charge for their product. McTaggart was also able to help capitalize on a product already highly in demand, as  well as getting the training and insight from Cameron’s longtime experience in the industry. In return, Cameron is allowed to gain valuable insight on the UK market and is allowed to dip their feet into international operations. The real concern for Cameron is the relationship the two will have after the five-year contract is up. Once McTaggart has the necessary information and training from Cameron, will McTaggart still be fine with a deal that is traditionally higher than normal? Despite this future concern, Cameron still comes away with a $100,000 knowledge transfer fee and an initial royalty rate that is double the norm for the first million. In conclusion nothing will be able to beat the profitability of Cameron continuing to export. However, the knowledge and reduction of risk that comes through licensing is what makes a partnership with McTaggart so enticing. Through licensing Cameron will be able pay lower labor, import, and transportation costs as well as gaining invaluable information from a partner that has been a part of an international scene for a long time. Cameron also has plans to go public by 2007, and while allowing for McTaggart to have so much control could hurt the image of Cameron, it also allows for further brand and image recognition for potential stockholders. I believe Cameron’s plans for expansion are very ambitious and well found, but could perhaps benefit from more time to develop. McTaggart on the other hand is unable to keep up with demand, and with projected sales from flexible couplings only climbing it may be reasonable to hit the market that is proving to be more in need of the product. I believe that in a couple years Cameron will benefit from their market knowledge obtained from McTaggart and will be more ready to decide between expanding their current plant or tackling a bigger international project such as a JV or FDI.